「第13回全国高等学校英語スピーチコンテスト」(全国英語教育研究団体連合会主催、読売新聞社など後援)が2月9日、東京・代々木の国立オリンピック記念青少年総合センターで開かれた。
全国9ブロックの地区予選などに延べ2300人が参加し、勝ち抜いた代表18人が出場。12人が参加した第1部では東京・田園調布雙葉高2年の二宮華加さんが、6人が参加した第2部は宮崎県立宮崎西高2年の年増ルデヤさんがそれぞれ1位に輝いた。
初めての試みとして、第2部に「Q&A」が導入された。スピーチ後、ネイティブスピーカーからの質問に対して、的確かつ速やかに答えられるかが問われ、やり取り(interaction)は審査の対象にもなった。質問者を務めたケイト・エルウッド早稲田大学商学部教授はスピーチのテーマや内容について幅広く英語で質問、生徒たちも生き生きと答えていた。
※英語圏に満5歳の誕生日以降、通算1年以上住んだ経験がない生徒らが第1部、英語圏で通算1年、または継続して6か月以上以上暮らしたことがある生徒らが第2部にそれぞれ出場した。
●動画を見る(約1分)
第1部1位 文部科学大臣賞・文部科学大臣杯
「The World of Diversity」
二宮華加 さん(田園調布雙葉高2年)
8.9%! What do you imagine this number is? This is the number of people between the ages of 20 and 59 in Japan who are called "LGBT". Now, have you ever heard of LGBT? It stands for "Lesbian," "Gay," "Bisexual," and "Transgender." They are labeled as a "Sexual Minority." Recently, among the so-called "SNS generation" who can easily access updated global information, LGBT has now gained much publicity.
In November of 2015, same gender partnerships were legally approved for the first time in Japan, in Shibuya Ward, Tokyo. Nine other wards soon followed. This was an epoch-making change. However, according to a survey by the LGBT Research Laboratory, there are still serious issues of bullying against LGBT at school and working places. The fact is the number of suicides among LGBT is 6 times higher than that of hetero-sexual people. In March 2017, a protection law for students of LGBT was added in response to bullying at school, but it has so far been in vain. Why bullying? Why suicide? I feel the answer is barriers, barriers of bias in the minds of the majority against the "minority."
I lived in Washington D.C. with my family until I turned three years old. At the daycare center, I had teachers and friends of different races, religions and cultures, and at the local school, my sister had a teacher who was gay. When there seemed a climate of prejudice against Asian students at that time, he was always supportive of my sister. That, I think, is because he was also a "minority" and knew what it felt like to be discriminated against. One day at school, my sister was very surprised to find a picture book at the school library about a new kind of family. On the cover of the book was a picture of two fathers and their son, hand in hand, smiling happily. These were the moments when my sister and I truly felt America, the nation of "DIVERSITY".
In the upcoming campaign of the 2020 United States presidential election, one of the candidates of the Democratic Party has attracted a lot of public attention. His name is Pete Buttigieg, Mayor of South Bend in the State of Indiana. As part of a new generation of progressive politicians, he is running as the first openly gay candidate and has gained widespread support. He announced that he is gay in 2015 and made public his same gender marriage in 2018. His personal life, as well as his policies, reflect reform and innovation. If he should be elected President, he would be the first President ever in history to be joined in the White House by the First "Gentleman!"
Now we have arrived at a new era in Japan, REIWA. What can we change in order to catch up with the leading nation of diversity? I know that laws protecting the human rights for LGBT definitely need to be revised or newly established, but I think, more importantly, we should take early educational measures to improve awareness of LGBT in the mind of children. Children need opportunities to learn about and embrace the individuality and uniqueness in people. Furthermore, I would encourage those in the public eye to become positive influencers to help increase support by appealing through the media or SNS to expand recognition and understanding of LGBT. I would also encourage writers to write novels, TV dramas, and movies that feature LGBT.
As Prime Minister Abe said, let us welcome REIWA as an opportunity for all individuals to help make a great, beautiful flower bloom, and in this time of DIVERSITY, let us step forward together, abandon our fixed ideas and bias, and respect individuality and uniqueness in the same way we respect humanity as a whole. We all have the right to live freely as who and what we truly are. The future is close when all individualities will meet in harmony, each pursuing their own happiness. Let us blossom all together in the world of DIVERSITY!
「出場者のレベルが高く自信を失いかけましたが、スピーチに頷いてくれる審査員や観客に勇気をいただきました。優勝はうれしさより驚きが大きいです」。落ち着いた口調で大会を振り返った。
3歳まで過ごした米国ワシントンでは、保育所に人種や宗教、文化が異なる保育士や友達、姉の小学校にはゲイの先生がいるなど、"多様性"を感じながら育った。
中学生の時、好きな米国の歌手が性的少数者(LGBT)の親族らを支える活動に取り組むのを知り、多様性への関心が高まった。その後、母や姉と差別や偏見について議論するようにもなった。
スピーチでは、渋谷区などで同性のカップルを公的に認める制度ができたのは画期的だが、学校や職場でいじめがなくならないのは、「少数者に対する偏見の障壁があることが原因ではないか」と主張。
今年の米大統領選で民主党の候補者の一人でゲイのピート・ブティジェッジ氏が幅広い支持を集めていることにも触れながら、新しい令和の時代を迎えた日本では、LGBTの人権を保護する法整備はもちろんのこと、重要なのは「LGBTへの認識を学ぶための、早い時期からの教育。一人ひとり違いや個性があることを理解する心を育む必要がある」と訴えた。
最後に安倍首相の令和元年の談話も引用しながら、"多様性"の世界でみんな大きな花を咲かせましょうと力強く呼びかけて締めくくった。
学校の宗教の時間など社会的弱者のことを考える習慣が日頃からあり、困っている人の助けになりたいという思いが強い。「AIが発展しても、心を通じ合いながら人を支えることは人間にしかできない」と、興味のある心理学と社会福祉を大学に進んでも研究していきたいと考えている。
第2部1位 外務大臣賞・外務大臣杯
「Truth Sets Us Free」
年増ルデヤ さん(宮崎県立宮崎西高2年)
When I was in Junior High, I saw an incredible video that was shared by a friend on Facebook. In the video, a man named Robert Mahar succeeded in creating a new hybrid fruit called Baniwi. He did this by putting together a cut section of banana and half of a kiwi and planting it in a pot. The outer part of it looked just like a banana, but inside it looked like a kiwi. Mr. Mahar claimed that "The taste is a delicate balance of the two."
How amazing! As soon as I saw that video, I shared it with my friends. I also bought the ingredients and tools to do the experiment and almost tried it myself. When I finally watched the original version on YouTube however, I found out it was fake. In the unedited video, Mr. Mahar revealed that it was actually an April Fool's joke. However, in the first video I saw on Facebook the information about it being a joke had been deleted. From this experience, I realized the importance of checking the original source of information before accepting something as true. I also learned the value of being able to discern the intention of the person sending the information. No one was harmed by Mr. Mahar's April Fool's Day joke, but unfortunately that isn't always the case.
At an official TED conference in 2017, a journalist named Stephanie Busari told this story. In 2014, the terrorist organization Boko Haram kidnapped more than 200 schoolgirls from the town of Chibok, Nigeria. Around the world, the crime became represented by the slogan #BringBackOurGirls. But in Nigeria, government officials called the crime a deception, which confused and delayed efforts to rescue these girls. In her talk, Mrs. Busari points to the Chibok tragedy to explain the deadly dangers of fake news, and what we can do to stop it. She said, "I think everybody here -- you and I -- we have a role to play in that. We are the ones who share the stories online. In this day and age, we're all publishers, and we have responsibility. ... What if we stop to think about the consequence of the information that we pass on, and its potential to incite violence or hatred? What if we stop to think about the real-life consequences of the information that we share?"
According to an article that I read in the Yomiuri Newspaper, some elementary and junior high schools in the US have started teaching students how to deal with the flood of information gained through the Internet. Classes have been designed to help students acquire the skills needed to identify fake news. I believe that students in Japan could also benefit from learning how to distinguish fake news from the truth. Even sharing fake news unintentionally can deprive people of their freedom. Many times, it destroys someone's reputation or business. Like the girls from Chibok, people can be held captive by fake news.
How can we keep from being part of such a tragedy? First, each of us who use the Internet should learn how to deal with various types of information properly. Some articles are factual, some are for entertainment, and others are propaganda. Although the Internet is very useful, it is easy to be deceived by the false information. Second, we should try to search for the original sources, even when things are shared by a friend. There are some fact checking websites, such as Snopes or Fact Checker. Research from MIT shows that lies spread farther and faster than truth online. We should be careful not to assist in spreading lies. The next time you find an interesting article on the Internet, I challenge you to stop and consider whether the information comes from a trustworthy source before sharing it with your friends. This one little step may help to change the world. Truth matters. Truth can set us free.
「極度に緊張して言葉に詰まってしまったので、まさか優勝できるなんて......。3歳からずっと英語を教えてくれている宣教師の先生に、まず報告したい」。フェイク(偽)ニュースを見抜く力の大切さを訴えたスピーチが高く評価されると、はにかみながら喜びを語った。
バナナとキウイを半分に切って一緒に植えるとハイブリッドの果物「バニウイ=Baniwi」が生えてくるなんて、すごい! さっそくシェアしよう──。友人がSNSで送ってきた動画が改ざんされていたとは知らずに、別の友人とシェアしてしまった自らの体験を語り、会場の関心を引き寄せた。
動画のどこが改ざんされていたのか。
「投稿者がエイプリルフールだと明かした部分が削除されていた。うっかり信じてしまったけれど、これは罪のないウソ」と振り返りつつ、ここからは本題のフェイクニュースに切り込んだ。深刻な事例として触れたのは、ナイジェリアのイスラム過激派が2014年に起こした200人を超す女子生徒拉致事件。「政府高官が拉致の事実を否定したために現場が混乱、救出が遅れた」と批判するジャーナリストを紹介し、「インターネットには、こうした危険なフェイクニュースが潜んでいる」「あなたが、暴力と憎しみを拡散する担い手にもなるかもしれない」と指摘した。
ニュース・リテラシー教育を授業に取り入れる米国の小学校の新聞記事も例示し、日本でもニュースそのものの真偽を見抜く力を養う取り組みが必要だと熱く語った。
新聞を読むのが日課で、昔からスポーツ面が大好きだ。端から端まで丁寧に読む。「バニウイ」の一件以来、事実検証のオンラインサイトも使いはじめた。そんな17歳からのメッセージはシンプルだ。「友達とシェアする前に、ちょっと待って。その情報源は本当に信頼できる? 真実は大切、真理が私たちを自由にするのです」。
第1部2位 読売新聞社賞
「Sharing」
星野騎士(ないと) さん(伊勢崎市立四ツ葉学園中等教育学校5年)
Sharing. What is it? When do you share? Please think about sharing and about the last time you shared something with someone. What was it? A shared meal, a snack or a possession? It might have been a shared smile at a joke, or simply a shared moment of your time. Or was it shared knowledge, understanding, respect or maybe love? An article I read recently stated that, "Sharing is fundamental to the development of all human relationships." I firmly agree. Without sharing our feelings, experiences, ideas and our unique personalities, it is almost impossible to build long lasting relationships. I believe that sharing could be the answer to many of my simple problems and furthermore the world's bigger problems.
The act of sharing is present in my everyday life. I am currently the student council president and, among my many responsibilities, I have many opportunities to share with my friends and peers. It doesn't always have to be a grand gesture for sharing to be appreciated. We share our interests, ideas, concerns, problems and motivation. I think that sharing is not only an act of physically dividing something, but also creating something of value and giving something meaning.
Do you know Aikasa? It's a new Japanese company I saw on TV. This company installs and manages umbrella lending spots in order to solve the issue of plastic umbrellas that have become a problem in Japan. Through sharing, Aikasa avoids waste, so sharing is directly caring for the environment. I realized the possibilities of sharing through this company.
If you expand your view to the world, there are as many problems as there are stars. Today around the world people are dying and the natural environment is being destroyed. For example, the Afghanistan conflict where about 2 million people have died and the Syrian civil war are taking place now. Last year, I went to an event called "Global Festa" where various international corporations and groups gathered to learn about the current state of poverty in the world. I strongly felt the need to do something to help in any small way I could. What are the causes of some global problems now? One is restricting or taking things away, for example territories, or depriving others of basic freedoms. How can we solve these problems? My idea is through sharing. By sharing, things such as ideas, resources and technology, we can directly help save and improve countless lives.
Seth Gordon says, "Sharing an idea you care about is a generous way to change your world for the better." We have seen numerous examples of this around the world. In 2018, when Ebola broke out in the Republic of the Congo, Japanese companies provided motorcycles, generators, Ebola virus diagnostic kits and medical equipment to fight the outbreak. Sharing is a way to solve global problems and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals advocated by the United Nations.
My goal is to get people to understand the importance of sharing and to share from small things. Sharing also helps us to realize the importance of taking care of others and can inspire us to grow together. Through sharing we are able to develop empathy for others. That empathy allows us to see things from another perspective, to sympathize and understand. I am able to walk in another's footsteps. It also compels me to take action or do something to help. All people have unique talents, unique skills. What is that talent that only you have that only you can share? It's never too late. Sharing: a way to begin to address poverty, war and protect the environment. Sharing: a simple way to tackle small and large problems, on a local and global scale.
きっかけは、「いつでも、どこでも傘シェアリング」というサービスが都内を中心に始まったのを知ったことだった。
急な雨でもコンビニで気軽に買えるビニール傘はとても便利。でも、雨上がりの街を見ると、あちこちに捨てられている。鉄道会社の遺失物センターにも大量に忘れ物の傘が届く。この膨大なムダをなくしたいと始まったサービスと、その精神に共鳴した。
スピーチでは、「傘に限らず、世の中には星の数ほど問題がある。シェアリングという発想を世界に広げれば、多くを解決できるはず」と訴えた。
国際協力活動を行う政府機関やNGOなどが一堂に会するイベントに参加したことも、シェアリングへの思いを後押しした。「領土や人権を奪い合っているのなら、奪い合いとは真逆のこと、つまり、アイデアや資源、テクノロジーをシェアすれば、どれだけ多くの命を救えるだろうか」と、会場に問いかけた。
将来、英語を生かせる仕事をしたいと考えている。「どのような職業に就こうと、シェアすることはできるはず。このコンテストもアイデアをシェアする場だと思います」と、あくまでも前向きだ。
第2部2位 読売新聞社賞
「Political Thinking」
雨宮加苗 さん(東京都立小平高2年)
48.8. Do you know what this number means? This indicates the percentage of eligible Japanese voters who voted in the most recent Upper House elections. It was a record breaking number because for the first time in 24 years at the national elections less than half of all people who could vote voted. In fact, Japan is said to have the worst voting rate amongst the developed countries. Now, why do you think Japanese people don't go vote? 48.8 is such a terrifying number. This says that more than half of our nation's electors don't feel the necessity to vote. I believe most Japanese people consider politics irrelevant to their lives. Here today, I would like to examine the problem in Japanese people that led to this loss of interest in politics and present you with ideas for how we can make this situation better.
When I lived in America, I constantly talked about politics and the latest news with my friends. During the presidential election of 2016, everyone at school was talking about which candidates and policies they liked. Looking back further to when I was in kindergarten, it was the midst of the presidential elections of 2008 when the first African American was elected President of the United States. But more than anything else, what surprises me until this day is that even kindergarteners knew that it was an important day. It's amazing that even toddlers know what is happening in their nation.
However, when I came back to Japan at the age of 14, I was surprised about how little Japanese students knew about politics and the news in general. One time, I remember talking to my friends in middle school, about when Shinzo Abe visited Pearl Harbor. When I told them how important this was for keeping a good relationship between Japan and the U.S, they said "Wait, what's Pearl Harbor?" This shows that Japanese students tend to not have an interest in political affairs. American children, however, learn these kinds of history from a young age. Also, if you say your opinion about some news, your classmates will tease you saying things like, "Why are you acting so smart all of a sudden?" I was confused by the difference in perspective on politics and history between people in Japan and the U.S.
Why do you think there are such differences? My answer is that there are too few adults in Japan that talk about politics and world affairs. Are parents taking time to have deep conversations with their children about politics? Parents teach their children how to build a good relationship with others, but they should also encourage their children to become responsible citizens. At school, of course, teachers teach their subjects to students, but are they teaching them anything beyond that? Few teachers have taught me what good citizens act like because they are prevented from influencing the political views of students. I strongly believe one of a teacher's roles is to educate students about how to be involved in society.
Now, to talk about something more recent, protests in Hong Kong have been going on for months. Hong Kong citizens are afraid that their rights will be restricted and that they might lose their culture. Young adults, who are mostly 20 to 29 years old, are at the core of these protests and there are even some high schoolers who are participating. It's impressive that hundreds of thousands of people are getting together to protect their rights in Hong Kong. It touches my heart that there are people, the same age as I am, that are willing to risk their lives in order to maintain their freedom. Would you be willing to fight for your freedom?
As I see it, Japanese people should talk more about politics. Parents should teach their children about what is happening in their country. Teachers should encourage students to contribute to society. We young people should keep ourselves informed about news and the world and bring politics into our daily conversations. These little steps will lead to the increase of voting rates. I am going to become a voter next April. In the future I will talk about politics with my family, discuss current events with my friends, and stay informed about what is happening in Japan and the world. This is how I will be a responsible citizen. How will you?
日本と米国を行き来しながら育った。ユタ州の幼稚園に通っていた2008年は、黒人初の大統領誕生が決まったメモリアル・イヤーで、「小っちゃい子どもでも、自分の国に大切なことが起きたのを知っていた」。8年後、2度目の大統領選をバージニア州で体験したときも、学校中が「オバマ・ケア」の話題で持ちきり。政治は常に身近にあった。
だが、中学2年で帰国すると、日米の違いにぶつかる。安部首相のパールハーバー訪問のニュースをクラスメートに話すと、戻ってきたのは「それって、何?」。日本語名の「真珠湾」と言い換えても認識してもらえず、カルチャーショックを受けた。
この違いは、どこから生まれるのか。
スピーチでは、「日本の大人は政治と世界情勢に触れない」と分析、家庭と学校で子どもたちに市民の権利と義務をもっと教えるべきだと訴えた。
来春、投票できる18歳になる。「私は、政治について家族と語り、内外の課題を友人たちと議論する。責任ある市民になる一歩だと信じているから」と力強く締めくくった。
コンテスト後、将来の夢を尋ねると、しばらく考えてから、こう話してくれた。「今、恵まれた生活を過ごしているのは分かっています。受けた教育を生かして、途上国の子どもたちに尽くしたい。UNICEFで働きたいと思っているんです」。英語を学ぶ強い動機を持っていた。
■受賞者一覧(敬称略)
第1部
1位 | 文部科学大臣賞・文部科学大臣杯 | 「The World of Diversity」 二宮華加(田園調布雙葉高2年) |
2位 | 読売新聞社賞 | 「Sharing」 星野騎士(伊勢崎市立四ツ葉中等教育学校5年) |
3位 | 全英連会長賞 | 「Get Out of Your Comfortable Zone」 張博瀚(沖縄尚学高2年) |
4位 | 全英連会長賞 | 「An Atmosphere to Evolve」 梶原哲司(神戸市立葺合高2年) |
第2部
1位 | 外務大臣賞・外務大臣杯 | 「Truth Sets Us Free」 年増ルデヤ(宮崎県立宮崎西高2年) |
2位 | 読売新聞社賞 | 「Political Thinking」 雨宮加苗(東京都立小平高2年) |
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